However, further studies including other environmental factors are needed to better forecast the net consequences for holm oak fitness. Under the longer droughts projected for the Mediterranean Basin, our results predict lower infestation rates and higher acorn survival likelihood. There was not a “zero-sum” effect, because the decrease of Curculio infestation rates was not fully compensated by an increase of Cydia. By contrast, late and scarce precipitations benefited Cydia rainfall might hamper adult flight and eggs/L1 larvae survival. Delays of late summer rain reduced infestation by Curculio, as soil hardness hampers adult emergence from their underground cells. For the same reason, embryo survival likelihood was not lower in Cydia acorns despite their smaller size. 2 The Life Cycle of Curculio 17 2.1 The Life Cycle 17 2.2 Fecundity, Cluch Size and Larval Survival in the Acorn 19 2.3 Larval survival in the Ground 26 2.4 Acorn Trap experiments 30 2.5 Disscussion 35 3 Fruiting and Acorn survival in Quercus robur 38 3.1 Pollination Biology 38 3. The volume of the acorns attacked by Cydia fagiglandana (Lepidoptera) was smaller than those attacked by Curculio elephas (Coleoptera) however, their weight did not differ because Curculio larvae consumed more cotyledon. Adult beetles emerge in the spring from the soil where they have been overwintering as adult. Adults usually appear 2-3 weeks before acorns and nuts begin to ripen ( 6) The female drills a hole through the nut's. Larvae feed inside the acorn/nut and emerge to pupate in the soil. Female uses her long snout for boring into nuts/acorns, and deposits eggs there. Infested acorns were prematurely abscised before reaching their potential size. Life cycle Development takes place mostly within a two-year life cycle. Associated with various Fagaceae, Juglandaceae, and Betulaceae ( 1) Life Cycle. In this context, we assessed the consequences of longer droughts on the interactions between the holm oak Quercus ilex L. constitute a main environmental concern for the conservation of temperate forests. The effects of climate change on oaks Quercus spp.
0 Comments
Leave a Reply. |
AuthorWrite something about yourself. No need to be fancy, just an overview. ArchivesCategories |